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General Layout（布局）ofSiheyuan①Zhengfang-master residenceor wing②Erfangcarroomutliyorstrgeoomr-hunggateDongxiangang-easten5Zoulang-coridorsidenceorwingYingbi-spirit screenWaiyuan-outerDamen-main gateorfirstcouryardTraditionally, the house is built along a northwest axis. Zhengfang would facethesouthandthebackistowardsthenorth.Building thehouseinthiswayalsoallows thecool wind toflow through thehouse in summer and protects it from coldwinds during winter. A siheyuan has only one front gate,which varies in sizedependingontheowner'sstatus（地位）andwealth.Richerownerswouldhavealarger gate with more detailed decorations and two stone lions.Inside,a spirit wallmay guard the entrance,with servant（佣人）quarters positioned near the front gate.An inner gate calledErmen orChuihuamen separates thefirstand secondcourtyards.Thesidehousesnamed Xiangfang traditionallyplacedmarriedsons in theeasternxiangfang,considered superior,while unmarried daughters lived in the westernxiangfang. “Ear rooms" called Erfang on either side of the main house served aschildren’s or servants’quarters,or for storage and cooking.Larger siheyuan mightincludeHouzhaofang at theback,typicallyreservedforunmarrieddaughtersorfemaleservants,providingmoreprivateareas.Siheyuan'sconstructionexplains thecharacteristicsof the Chinesepeople aswellas the strict hierarchical（等级制度的）framework of the past.During the imperial（皇帝的）period，residential buildings were allowed to have just one storey（层）,indicating the emperor's superior status. These unique structures remain an integralpart of Beijing architecture. In our rapidly changing world, understanding traditionalarchitecturalpractices like siheyuan isimportant for developing lasting designtechniques rather than trends that quickly go out of style.英语试卷第7页（共12页）